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''Book of the Marvels of the World'' (French: ''Livre des Merveilles du Monde'') or ''Description of the World'' (''Devisement du Monde''), in Italian ''Il Milione'' (''The Million'') or ''Oriente Poliano'' and in English commonly called ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1276 and 1291, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da Pisa, who worked from accounts which he had heard from Marco Polo when they were imprisoned together in Genoa. From the beginning, there has been incredulity over Polo's sometimes fabulous stories, as well as a scholarly debate in recent times. Some have questioned whether Marco had actually traveled to China or was just repeating stories that he had heard from other travelers. Supporters of the book's basic accuracy have replied—economic historian Mark Elvin concludes that recent work "demonstrates by specific example after specific example the ultimately overwhelming probability of the broad authenticity" of Polo's account, and that the book is, "in essence, authentic, and, when used with care, in broad terms to be trusted as a serious though obviously not always final, witness." ==History== The source of the title ''Il Milione'' is debated. One view is that it comes from the Polo family's use of the name ''Emilione'' to distinguish themselves from the numerous other Venetian families bearing the name Polo.〔 "Il secondo fu che Marco e i suoi usassero, pare, per distinguersi da altri Polo veneziani, il nome di Emilione, che è l' origine prosaica del titolo che si è imposto: Il Milione."〕 A more common view is that the name refers to medieval reception of the travelog, namely that it was full of "a million" lies.〔 ABC-CLIO〕 Modern assessments of the text usually consider it to be the record of an observant rather than imaginative or analytical traveler. Marco Polo emerges as being curious and tolerant, and devoted to Kublai Khan and the dynasty that he served for two decades. The book is Polo's account of his travels to China, which he calls Cathay (north China) and Manji (south China). The Polo party left Venice in 1271. They left China in late 1290 or early 1291〔The date usually given as 1292 was corrected in a note by reporting a ???〕 and were back in Venice in 1295. The tradition is that Polo dictated the book to a romance writer, Rustichello da Pisa, while in prison in Genoa between 1298–1299. Rustichello may have worked up his first Franco-Italian version from Marco's notes. The book was then named ''Devisement du Monde'' and ''Livres des Merveilles du Monde'' in French, and ''De Mirabilibus Mundi'' in Latin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Travels of Marco Polo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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